Download Article Keep your fermenting alcohol airtight Download Article An airlock lets carbon dioxide (CO2) escape from fermenting wine and beer without letting outside air in.
- Remove the label from and rinse out a prescription pill bottle. Then, drill an 1⁄8 inch (0.3 cm) hole in the cap.
- Thread the tube of a ballpoint pen through the drilled hole, and seal it with epoxy. Place a clean rifle cartridge over the end of the pen inside the bottle.
- Drill a hole in a cork slightly smaller than the pen tube, then thread the pen through the hole on the outside of the pill bottle. Fill the bottle with water, and place it in the carboy.
- 1 Clean out a clear plastic bottle. Prescription pill bottles with the label removed work well.
- 2 Drill an 1 ⁄ 8 inch (0.3 cm) hole in the lid and a hole the size of an average ballpoint pen in the bottom of the bottle. Advertisement
- 3 Take the guts out of a ballpoint pen so that you have an open tube remaining. Insert the pen in the bottom hole of the pill bottle and push it in all but 1 ⁄ 2 inch (1.3 cm) from the top. Mix fast-curing two-part epoxy and seal the pen to the bottle.
- 4 Clean out a rifle cartridge (30/30, 7.62, or anything with a diameter greater than that of the pen). Place it over the end of the pen inside of the pill bottle.
- 5 Drill a hole in a cork slightly smaller than the diameter of the pen. Place the end of the pen all the way through the cork.
- 6 Fill the pill bottle with water up to 1 ⁄ 4 inch (0.6 cm) below the top of the pen inside.
- 7 Insert the cork end into the bottle in which you are fermenting your wine, beer, or moonshine mash.
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Question What if I don’t have a rifle cartridge? What else can I use? Fear.of.moths Community Answer A sanitary piece of aluminum foil crimped over the top, or even a plastic baggy with a rubber band on the outside (either use a new roll/box or pour some of your favorite high proof liquor on it just to be sure) should do the trick.
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The airlock works on the exact same principle that your bathroom sink does for the trap below the basin. It creates a pocket of air that can escape through the top, but doesn’t allow air from above to enter. You can substitute any of these parts with similar items. Clear plastic bottles are easy to work with and it’s important to see the bubbles in the water to know that your solution is fermenting properly. The CO2 goes up the pen and is then redirected below the water by flowing down the rifle cartridge and out the top of the pill bottle through the hole you drilled in the lid. A commercial airlock will do exactly the same thing and will cost you 10 to 20 dollars. With 10 minutes of work, you can make this for pennies.
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- Be sure to let the epoxy cure for an hour before filling with water.
- Check the water level in the airlock every few days to make sure it’s high enough, as it evaporates slowly during this process. The bigger the pill bottle you use, the less you’ll be adding water.
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Contents
What can I use if I don’t have an airlock?
Aluminum Foil or Plastic Wrap – Photo by Engin Akyurt from Pexels This is another low-tech option that lots of homebrewers swear by. Many homebrewers skip the airlock all together and just cover the opening of their fermenter with a layer of aluminum foil or plastic wrap. We mostly see this with homebrewers using carboy fermenters, because the foil or plastic wrap can be attached to the neck of the carboy with a rubber band.
- The theory here is that the foil or plastic wrap keeps the environment sterile, but CO2 can still escape through wrinkles or pleats in the material because it’s not a tight seal.
- While we’ve not used this method, it seems like a good alternative, and it feels a lot like the loose lid or seal and burp method that you would use on a bucket fermenter.
You don’t have to panic if you start your brew day and realize that you don’t have an airlock. There are plenty of alternatives that you can use in a pinch, or you may want to try as an all the time alternative to using an airlock for your home brewing processes.
Does moonshine need an airlock?
When to use an airlock is easy, just follow along! Airlocks are used for brewing beer, wine, and making moonshine. The airlocks release carbon dioxide during the fermentation process. The airlock also prevents air from entering the fermenter vessel, carboy, or plastic bucket, thus avoiding oxidation.
Can you use a balloon instead of an airlock?
The use of perforated rubber balloons offers an easy and inexpensive alternative to conventional airlocks : as used primarily in homebrewing, the balloon is stretched over the orifice of the fermentation vessel and, if necessary, tightened with rubber bands. The balloon is then perforated with a needle.
Can you make your own airlock?
Download Article Keep your fermenting alcohol airtight Download Article An airlock lets carbon dioxide (CO2) escape from fermenting wine and beer without letting outside air in.
- Remove the label from and rinse out a prescription pill bottle. Then, drill an 1⁄8 inch (0.3 cm) hole in the cap.
- Thread the tube of a ballpoint pen through the drilled hole, and seal it with epoxy. Place a clean rifle cartridge over the end of the pen inside the bottle.
- Drill a hole in a cork slightly smaller than the pen tube, then thread the pen through the hole on the outside of the pill bottle. Fill the bottle with water, and place it in the carboy.
- 1 Clean out a clear plastic bottle. Prescription pill bottles with the label removed work well.
- 2 Drill an 1 ⁄ 8 inch (0.3 cm) hole in the lid and a hole the size of an average ballpoint pen in the bottom of the bottle. Advertisement
- 3 Take the guts out of a ballpoint pen so that you have an open tube remaining. Insert the pen in the bottom hole of the pill bottle and push it in all but 1 ⁄ 2 inch (1.3 cm) from the top. Mix fast-curing two-part epoxy and seal the pen to the bottle.
- 4 Clean out a rifle cartridge (30/30, 7.62, or anything with a diameter greater than that of the pen). Place it over the end of the pen inside of the pill bottle.
- 5 Drill a hole in a cork slightly smaller than the diameter of the pen. Place the end of the pen all the way through the cork.
- 6 Fill the pill bottle with water up to 1 ⁄ 4 inch (0.6 cm) below the top of the pen inside.
- 7 Insert the cork end into the bottle in which you are fermenting your wine, beer, or moonshine mash.
Advertisement
Add New Question
Question What if I don’t have a rifle cartridge? What else can I use? Fear.of.moths Community Answer A sanitary piece of aluminum foil crimped over the top, or even a plastic baggy with a rubber band on the outside (either use a new roll/box or pour some of your favorite high proof liquor on it just to be sure) should do the trick.
Ask a Question 200 characters left Include your email address to get a message when this question is answered. Submit Advertisement
The airlock works on the exact same principle that your bathroom sink does for the trap below the basin. It creates a pocket of air that can escape through the top, but doesn’t allow air from above to enter. You can substitute any of these parts with similar items. Clear plastic bottles are easy to work with and it’s important to see the bubbles in the water to know that your solution is fermenting properly. The CO2 goes up the pen and is then redirected below the water by flowing down the rifle cartridge and out the top of the pill bottle through the hole you drilled in the lid. A commercial airlock will do exactly the same thing and will cost you 10 to 20 dollars. With 10 minutes of work, you can make this for pennies.
Thanks for submitting a tip for review! Advertisement
- Be sure to let the epoxy cure for an hour before filling with water.
- Check the water level in the airlock every few days to make sure it’s high enough, as it evaporates slowly during this process. The bigger the pill bottle you use, the less you’ll be adding water.
Advertisement Thanks to all authors for creating a page that has been read 250,105 times.
What happens if you ferment without an airlock?
My kit wine calls to immediately put the contents of the juice, wine yeast, etc. in an air-tight container with an airlock. However all over your site it says NOT to put it in an air-tight container for the first 5-7 days because it will inhibit the growth of the wine yeast.
Can you clear this up for me? Name: Dennis State: North Carolina —– Hello Dennis, It is a matter of weighing all the pros and cons differently. The reason you use a fermentation airlock is to protect the wine from contamination. If you leave the lid and airlock off the primary fermenter and the fermentation begins in a timely manner and ferments vigorously, there is very little chance of the wine becoming compromised in any way.
Not only is the CO2 gas rapidly rising off the fermentation, protecting it from fall-out of airborne nasties, but the vigorous activity of the wine yeast themselves are also destroying any contaminants that may make their way to the liquid. The harder the wine ferments, the more protected the wine will be, and the sooner your wine will have completed its fermenting.
Leaving the lid and airlock off will allow the primary fermentation to start sooner and continue more rapidly, but it can also leave the fermentation susceptible to contamination should it not start in a timely fashion.
Leaving the lid and airlock on will keep the fermentation much more protected, but it will cause their primary fermentation to go more slowly.
I would like to point out that keeping an airlock off the primary fermentation is not something we made up. It is regularly practiced in the wine industry. It is also the typical way a fresh fruit wine is made by home winemakers. Also, I would like to make it clear that we are only talking about the primary fermentation. As a final point, whether or not you use an airlock during the primary fermentation, the wine will be made. It’s a matter of how fast and vigorous the fermentation proceeds, not a matter of whether or not your wine will turn out, so don’t feel that it is a critical decision because it’s not.
Does moonshine mash need to be airtight?
What Are Suitable Containers for Storing Moonshine Mash? – Suitable containers for storing moonshine mash include airtight containers with lids or open containers. If you don’t store it in an airtight container, cover it with a piece of cheesecloth. You can use food grade plastic, glass, or stainless steel containers.
- Airtight container with lid. You can use an airtight container with room for an airlock to expel the carbon dioxide. Alternatively, you can open it regularly to expel the carbon dioxide.Your airtight container can be in food grade plastic, glass, or stainless steel.
- Open container. You can place the mash into a container with no lid. This will allow carbon dioxide to escape the container freely. However, you should cover the container with cheesecloth to prevent bugs from getting in.
One of the best tools for making moonshine mash is the airlock. Here are some excellent airlock options (available on Amazon.com) that you may consider purchasing:
- Twin Bubble Airlock. : This is a twin airlock that is designed for beer and wine fermentation. It can be easily attached to bucket lids and other containers. It is easy to use and pocket-friendly.
- Three-Piece Airlock. : If you use a gallon jug container to store your mash, it is best to use this airlock. It fits easily into a jug, and has an easy-to-use stopper feature.
You can also buy a complete moonshine-making kit which will include an airlock. To further understand how to choose the most suitable moonshine mash container, it is helpful to consider how you make it.
Do you need an airlock to make alcohol?
Is a Fermentation Airlock Necessary? – Some types of fermentation require airlocks and others don’t. For most types of homebrewing, distilling, or fermenting, people tend to use airlocks. Airlocks provide a few key benefits to the fermenter. Firstly, fermentation airlocks keep the fermentation vessel more sterile by preventing unwanted fungus or bacteria from contaminating the batch.
A fermentation project can be destroyed when left open to the atmosphere of our big, scary world. Air contains insects, yeast, and bacteria. All of these can contaminate your fermentation. The airlock creates a sort of nursery for your fermentation, keeping it safe from the yeast and bacteria that rains down from the sky! Secondly, fermentation airlocks create an atmosphere without oxygen, which is very advantageous when fermenting.
This type of atmosphere is called an anaerobic atmosphere, Of course, open-air fermentation is an option, but it is riskier and better suited for fermenters with substantial experience.
Why do you need an airlock?
What Is An Airlock? – An airlock is a piece of homebrewing equipment filled with sanitizer that prevents oxygen and bacteria from contaminating your fermenting beer. It allows CO2 to escape the fermentation vessel but will not allow in contaminants. The airlock is mounted on the top of your fermenter via a rubber bung or a ported lid.
Can an airlock bubble too much?
Traditional airlocks are a culprit for fermentation blowout. If the Krausen develops too quickly, it can bubble up into the airlock and prevent it from letting air out. The pressure inside the carboy will then increase until it blows the airlock off the top.
Can I make cider without an airlock?
This guide has been produced by Leeds Urban Harvest with support from the Orchard Project, it follows on from the Community Apple Pressing guide. Cider is relatively straight forward to make. You leave apple juice for a few weeks and natural fermentation will turn it into cider! But getting something you want to drink and share can take a bit more effort. The basic process is:
Put you juice into a clean and sterilised fermenter.Fit an airlockLeave to fermentBottle or barrel
Clean and sterilise everything you use before letting it touch you juice or cider Types of fermenter How much of your juice you want to make into cider, and how much space you have to ferment should guide you choice of fermenter. The smallest one is a glass demijohn which holds 5 litres, next is a 25 litre brew bin. Then plastic good grade barrels, which come in 25, 60, 120, 160, 180 and 220 litre sizes.
Be wary of second hand plastic fermenters. They may have been used for non-food or something with strong flavours that will affect your ciders flavour or make it undrinkable/unsafe. While the smaller fermenters are easier to handle lots of them will take up proportionately more of space. The larger ones need to be more than ¾ full to avoid the risk of oxygenation.
You need to gauge how much juice you are intending to press, for example, avoid using a 220l fermenter if you only have 100kg of apples. Anything bigger than 25 litres will be too heavy to lift so will have to stay where it is until you empty it. It is common practice to use a trolley to move larger fermenters.
- Airlocks Fermentation is a relationship between yeast (naturally found on apples) and the sugar in the apple juice; yeast eats sugar and excretes alcohol and CO2 gas.
- Unfortunately there are bacteria’s and microorganisms that also like apple juice which will spoil your cider.
- An airlock will allow you to seal your fermenter and let the CO2 gas out without letting the nasties in.
Cider can have a very vigorous initial fermentation which pushes excess yeast through the airlock; you can clean this off. Some cider makers ferment without an airlock during this stage, using a clean cloth to stop solids getting in; the gas coming out will stop bacteria invading.
- If you decide to use an airlock, make sure it doesn’t dry out.
- Yeast Apple juice will ferment without adding anything to it, many cider makers use this process.
- Others add sulphates to kill non yeast bacteria, or add commercial yeast that will dominate the natural yeasts and give a unified (some say less complex) flavour.
There is lots of advice on the internet on this subject. Lalvin EC-1118 Champagne Yeast works well with cider, and is good for low fermenting temperatures. Fermentation time Cider will naturally ferment out to be ‘dry’ because the yeast will continue eating sugar till it’s all gone.
- If you add more sugar to make it sweet, the yeast will start again until that gone too.
- Generally it’s stopped fermenting when there are no more bubbles coming through the airlock, which can be as quickly as a few weeks.
- A guiding principle with cider is that it gets better with age, especially if this is done in bulk.
LUH leave theirs in the fermenter for at least 6 months. Alcohol content If you want to know how strong your cider is, you need to invest in a hydrometer and thermometer; most hydrometers are calibrated for 20 0 C and the reading needs adjusting based on the temperature.
Your first reading tells you the original gravity (how much sugar you have) and is done before fermentation startsThe second shows final gravity (how much sugar has been turned into alcohol) and is done at the end of fermentation.
In both cases, fill your clean and sterilised hydrometer jar to within an inch of the brim, the gently insert the hydrometer and take the reading.
Then take a temperature reading and use the adjustment table supplied with the equipment to work out the original or final gravity (alternatively use an online calculator such as this one: https://www.brewersfriend.com/hydrometer-temp/ )
This online tool – https://www.brewersfriend.com/abv-calculator/ tells you the alcohol content based on these readings. If you are doing this, make it one person’s job to take the original gravity of the juice and make sure they write it down somewhere you can find it in several months’ time when you take the second reading. Storing cider for drinking There are lots of options for storing your cider until you want to drink it but this section deals with bottles and barrels. All of the options require ‘racking’, moving your cider from the fermenter into a smaller dispensing container. At all points in this process you should minimise contact with or introduction of oxygen; it will degrade your cider and impair the flavour.
- While your cider is in your fermenter it has a layer of CO2 which protects it from oxygen.
- When you remove the airlock/lid this layer is gone and its then at risk.
- Syphoning is the easiest method of racking your cider from the fermente.
- To stop the syphon tube curling back on itself, consider cable tying it to a length of wood and securing this to the fermenter.
Make sure the mouth of the syphon tube does not sit on the bottom of the fermenter or it will suck up the sediment that you want to leave behind. Once you have started the cider flowing its advantageous to keep it going to minimise the chance of stirring up sediment.
- Alternately secure the tube in place to the fermenter and stop off the end using a tap or folding it over to maintain the vacuum and the cider in the tube.
- Racking straight from the fermenter into a barrel is relatively risk free; for bottling it can be easier to rack into a decanting vessel and bottle from there using a syphon.
Your cider will be naturally still. To get a slight sparkle add 2tsp of sugar per litre before you seal the bottle / barrel and leave for a few weeks to allow this secondary fermentation take place. Cider kit you may need:
FermentersSterilising solutionAirlocksSyphon tubeDecanting vesselHydrometer and jarThermometerRacking stick and clampBottles or barrels.
Further Reading: This website is a great source of knowledge http://www.ciderworkshop.com/index.html# All text and photo’s, unless indicated, are the property of Leeds Urban Harvest and The Orchard Project. No reproduction without permission
What are the three types of airlock?
Types of Airlocks – The most stringent airlocks are often installed for biosafety level 3 and 4 (BSL-3/4) labs and cleanrooms; similar, but less stringent mechanisms can be found in health-care facilities such as anterooms in isolation or operating room suites and vestibules in commercial buildings.
- Table 1 indicates common practices and functions among vestibules, anterooms and airlocks.
- In the rest of this discussion, we will use “airlock” as a general term to include both anteroom and vestibule.
- Airlocks can be categorized into “cascading,” “bubble,” “sink” and “dual compartment” types; each type exhibits different airflow directions and pressure differences between the controlled environment, airlock, and corridor.
Figure 1 shows common types of these airlocks, though alternative pressure relationships can be used in specific applications.
What type of airlock is best?
Using the proper method of keeping air out of your beer when brewing is one of the most vital things to uphold if you want to brew beer successfully. In this blog post I’m gonna talk about the best airlocks for homebrewing, and some alternatives you can use if you don’t have a proper airlock.
What Are the Best Airlocks for Homebrewing? In general, most homebrewers use either a S-shape airlock or a 3-piece airlock. The 3-piece airlock is the most popular choice overall since it’s easier to use and clean. However, you can also use other household utensils, like tin foil or plastic bags with rubber bands as an airlock.
There are various ways to airlock your beer batches.
What liquid goes in an airlock?
The airlock or or bubbler is one of the more important contraptions that a winemaker has in the cellar. This simple little device comes in several different styles with the most popular being the twin bubble and the cup in cup design. Both are very effective at allowing gasses out of the wine and creating an air tight seal (though I prefer the twin bubble for reasons I’ll explain in a later post). Traditionally these airlocks are simply filled with water but this method creates a friendly environment for bacteria and spoilage organisms. But how does the bacteria get in there? The wine season in the northern hemisphere peaks in September and October, which also happens to be the peak fruit fly season. Fruit flies LOVE wine cellars, or anywhere near an actively fermenting wine. It is not uncommon to find a fruit fly or two in your airlocks, which is a little unsettling when you have paid so much for your grapes. Fruit flies are notorious for carrying spoilage organisms such as acetobacter, which is the catalyst for acetaldehyde, vinegar and the worst of all. ethyl acetate and it’s signature nail polish remover smell. Needless to say, these are not things that you want in your wine. Proper use of sulfites in the wine can hedge against microbial problems but keeping an anti microbial environment in your airlock can help keep the bacteria from entering after it enters the carboy. NOTE: Acetobacter and other spoilage organisms are often present on the grapes before even crushing but a pre-fermentation sulfite dose of up to 50ppm can help to reduce their grasp on the wine. Wine yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) is extremely competitive during an active fermentation and often wipes out or reduces the populations of any other bad yeasts or wild bacteria. It is before and after the active fermentation that the wine becomes extremely vulnerable to acetobacter, brettanomyces, lactobacillus, and other problematic bacteria and yeasts. Now back on topic! So, what should I put in my airlocks to help prevent this? I like to use a strong ethanol such as grain alcohol (everclear), or 151 proof rum. Other, more budget friendly options include a Starsan solution or a strongly acidic solution (pH <2), The main thing here is to make sure that whatever is in your airlock is wine friendly and antimicrobial. Though it is possible that some of the stronger solutions could weaken the plastic of your airlock, I have not found it to be a problem. Creating a harsh environment for microbes in your airlock is just one of the many tips and tricks that will help you to make better wine! Please use the subscribe button above to get email notifications when new tips and tricks become available. If you have any comments, please share in the provided comments box below! I am always open to feedback, good or bad.
Can I ferment without a fermenting lid?
If your vegetables are submerged under the water or brine then they are in an anaerobic environment and are perfectly fine and safe – period! Don’t let anyone try to convince you that you have to buy fancy equipment in order for your fermented vegetables to be safe.
Do you need an airlock for secondary fermentation?
On many occasions we have been asked this simple question, “Should a wine making fermenter be sealed with an air-lock during the first few days of fermentation — the primary fermentation — or should it be left open, exposed to the air?” The Conflict This question arises because there is so much conflicting information floating around in wine making books, on the internet and in other places as to which method is correct.
- In fact, even our own wine making website recommends just covering the primary fermentation with a thin towel, while the instructions that come with the wine ingredient kits we sell recommend using an air-lock,
- Even commercial wineries are not consistent in this area.
- While most wineries will put white wines under an air-lock and expose red wines to air, there are many, many wineries that will do the very opposite.
My Recommendation The reason I recommend leaving the wine must exposed to air during the primary fermentation is because this method leads a more vigorous fermentation, one that is able to complete more thoroughly and quickly. Wine making kit producers recommend sealing up the primary fermentation with an air-lock because they are more concerned about eliminating any risk of spoilage than providing the fastest fermentation possible. When you first pitch the wine yeast into the must, put an air-lock on the fermenter. After a few hours, once you see that the fermentation has begun–indicated by activity or foam on the surface–you can then take the air-lock off and safely allow air to get to the must.
This is, in a sense, giving you the best of both worlds–the protection and an invigorated wine making fermentation. As A Side Note: It is important to note that an air-lock should always be used after the must has gone into its secondary fermentation. This is in agreement with most. This usually starts around the fifth or sixth day, or when the first racking is performed.
It is about this time you will notice the fermentation’s activity level starting to taper off. ————— Ed Kraus is a 3rd generation home brewer/winemaker and has been an owner of E.C. Kraus since 1999. He has been helping individuals make better wine and beer for over 25 years.
Why is air not allowed in fermentation?
Fermentation is conducted in the absence of air. In the presence of air (aerobic conditions), enzymes in the yeast produce carbon dioxide and water instead of ethanol. Also, in the presence of air, the ethanol can oxidise to ethanoic acid.
How do you make an airlock for beer?
Airlock Styles – There are a couple of different airlock styles commonly used in homebrewing such as the single-piece or bubbler airlock, and the 3-piece airlock, However, there are also thrifty hacks and cutting edge tech-based airlocks as well such as the PLAATO airlock, a blow-off tube, or even a common balloon.3-Piece Airlock – This is one of the most popular airlocks, it’s easily taken apart, cleaned, and sanitized before and after fermentation.
Unlike the bubbler, this airlock has the potential of getting contaminants in your beer if you’re moving or shaking the fermenter. However, with the airlock filled with sanitizer and being handled carefully the risk is very low. Single-Piece AKA Bubbler Airlock – This is the classic airlock used by homebrewers.
It’s the most effective airlock for keeping contaminants out of your beer. However, if your fermenter doesn’t have enough headspace for the krausen, the krausen can plug up your bubbler, potentially leading to a big mess. The Bubbler Airlock also provides the added benefit of allowing you to visually monitor the status of fermentation activity.
By monitoring the liquid level in the two chambers of the airlock you can roughly judge overall fermentation activity. When the liquid is at an equal level in each airlock chamber CO2 release is subsiding, meaning that primary fermentation is coming to an end. Blow-Off Tubing – The blowoff method is often used when there is insufficient headspace in your fermenter.
Insert one end of a sanitized tube into the mouth of your carboy or a ported lid like the lid used by the Big Mouth Bubbler, Insert the other end of the tube into a bucket of sanitized water. You won’t need to fill the bucket to the top because the blow-off could spill over the sides of the bucket.
- You will, however, want to make sure the tube is submerged in the sanitized water.
- By submerging the end of the tube you have in effect created a large airlock.
- It will allow CO2 to escape, but keep wild yeast and bacteria from getting in.
- Tech Airlock – The future is here, and products like the PLAATO Airlock are leading the way.
This airlock is able to calculate your gravity based on the carbon dioxide passing through the airlock. No more taking out samples and testing with the hydrometer or refractometer. Get the stats on your phone with the PLAATO app! Airlock Hacks – If you’re the epitome of the frugal homebrewer you might want to try a balloon.
What are the three types of airlock?
Types of Airlocks – The most stringent airlocks are often installed for biosafety level 3 and 4 (BSL-3/4) labs and cleanrooms; similar, but less stringent mechanisms can be found in health-care facilities such as anterooms in isolation or operating room suites and vestibules in commercial buildings.
Table 1 indicates common practices and functions among vestibules, anterooms and airlocks. In the rest of this discussion, we will use “airlock” as a general term to include both anteroom and vestibule. Airlocks can be categorized into “cascading,” “bubble,” “sink” and “dual compartment” types; each type exhibits different airflow directions and pressure differences between the controlled environment, airlock, and corridor.
Figure 1 shows common types of these airlocks, though alternative pressure relationships can be used in specific applications.
What liquid goes in an airlock?
The airlock or or bubbler is one of the more important contraptions that a winemaker has in the cellar. This simple little device comes in several different styles with the most popular being the twin bubble and the cup in cup design. Both are very effective at allowing gasses out of the wine and creating an air tight seal (though I prefer the twin bubble for reasons I’ll explain in a later post). Traditionally these airlocks are simply filled with water but this method creates a friendly environment for bacteria and spoilage organisms. But how does the bacteria get in there? The wine season in the northern hemisphere peaks in September and October, which also happens to be the peak fruit fly season. Fruit flies LOVE wine cellars, or anywhere near an actively fermenting wine. It is not uncommon to find a fruit fly or two in your airlocks, which is a little unsettling when you have paid so much for your grapes. Fruit flies are notorious for carrying spoilage organisms such as acetobacter, which is the catalyst for acetaldehyde, vinegar and the worst of all. ethyl acetate and it’s signature nail polish remover smell. Needless to say, these are not things that you want in your wine. Proper use of sulfites in the wine can hedge against microbial problems but keeping an anti microbial environment in your airlock can help keep the bacteria from entering after it enters the carboy. NOTE: Acetobacter and other spoilage organisms are often present on the grapes before even crushing but a pre-fermentation sulfite dose of up to 50ppm can help to reduce their grasp on the wine. Wine yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) is extremely competitive during an active fermentation and often wipes out or reduces the populations of any other bad yeasts or wild bacteria. It is before and after the active fermentation that the wine becomes extremely vulnerable to acetobacter, brettanomyces, lactobacillus, and other problematic bacteria and yeasts. Now back on topic! So, what should I put in my airlocks to help prevent this? I like to use a strong ethanol such as grain alcohol (everclear), or 151 proof rum. Other, more budget friendly options include a Starsan solution or a strongly acidic solution (pH <2), The main thing here is to make sure that whatever is in your airlock is wine friendly and antimicrobial. Though it is possible that some of the stronger solutions could weaken the plastic of your airlock, I have not found it to be a problem. Creating a harsh environment for microbes in your airlock is just one of the many tips and tricks that will help you to make better wine! Please use the subscribe button above to get email notifications when new tips and tricks become available. If you have any comments, please share in the provided comments box below! I am always open to feedback, good or bad.